Note: I wrote this paper for my school. You can access the original at http://ayurvedacollege.com/documents/TriphalaRevised.pdf
Triphala: Ayurvedic formula for the Modern World.
By: Rodrigo M. Pocius
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Introduction to Triphala


What is Triphala? Simply put, Triphala is an herbal formula used in the ancient Science of Ayurveda. The word ‘Triphala’ is translated as ‘three fruits.’ These fruits, also known as ‘myrobalan plums’ are Amalaki, Bibhitaki and Haritaki. 1
There is a folk saying in India which says, “No Mother? Do not worry so long as you have Triphala”. This is allusion to the belief that Triphala cares for internal organs, much in the same way a mother takes care of her children2, and among laxative herbs, Triphala is the ’safest and most strengthening’1
For people who have trouble with bowel movements, Triphala may be the best remedy.3 Triphala regulates the bowels safely. Triphala can be taken daily, without any fear of dependence. It is considered to be non-habit forming and safe, much like taking food. 4 Triphala doesn’t have some of the same negative side effects that are found with other purgatives. Triphala is a mild acting internal cleanser, and although not considered to be a purgative formula by itself, Triphala does have a cleansing effect on the digestive system and blood,3Triphala can be used in Virechana (purgation therapy) , although higher doses should be used for sufficient strength.5
Beyond digestive benefits, Triphala has other benefits as well. Triphala strengthens the eyes.6 Triphala that has been added to hot water, steeped, cooled and strained can be used as an eye-wash4 Triphala is useful in conditions with Ama, and will help prevent the build up of Ama when taken with diet.Research has found that Triphala is a potent anti-oxidant7, anti-microbial8 and among other benefits, shows promise in the fight against cancer.9 Daily use of Triphala promotes the absorption of nutrients, like B vitamins, in addition, Triphala taken regularly will promote normal digestion, aid in the removal of fat and increase red blood cells.4
Triphala is a tridoshic formula, and can be used to bring balance to all constitutions.10 Triphala does have an unpleasant taste, which is tough to mask.1Triphala has all tastes except salty. It is astringent, pungent, sweet, bitter and sour10
Triphala may very well be a panacea for many conditions we face today. The power behind triphala’s many benefits comes from the individual herbs that make up the formula. Each of these herbs also have their own uses. The pulp
of Amalaki fruit is a main component in the rejuvenatory formula Chyavanprash.11 Haritaki, due to it’s purifying and strengthening properties, is held in very high regard. Haritaki is the most laxative herb in triphala, with the ability to treat
more difficult cases of constipation.12
Let’s take a look at this amazing formula and some of the benefits and effects associated. Triphala is a natural remedy which can offer a simple solution to some of the more difficult health problems we face today.
II. Constituents
1.)Amalaki
Amalaki is known by the botanical name Embelica officinalis and also Phyllanthus officinalis13. Amalaki is also known in Sanskrit as Dhatri (The nurse), which is a reference to it’s incredible healing properties. Amalaki can be taken individually in powder form, a docoction or as a confection. Amalaki is a beneficial herb, however precautions should be taken with patients displaying symptoms of dysentery or acute diarrhea.14
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In India, amalaki fruit has been used historically for it’s health benefits. It is taken in various forms, from pickles and preserves to yogurt mixed with amalaki fruit powder.15 Chyavanprash, an herbal rejuvenatory jelly and general health tonic, is made from the fruit of amalaki.16
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Amalaki fruit are known to be one of the best rasayanas in Ayurveda, with anti-oxidant and anti-aging properties.
It has been thought that Amalaki’s anti-oxidant properties were a result of a high content of Vitamin C, however, clinical experiments have suggested that the fruit are actually devoid of Vitamin C, and that the anti-oxidant effect, “…has been
postulated to arise from the tannins emblicanin A and B, punigluconin, and pedunculagin….”17
A) Botanical Description
“Embelica officinalis is a graceful ornamental tree, normally reaching a height of 18 m and, in rare instances, 30 m. Its fairly smooth bark is a pale greyish-brown and peels off in thin flakes like that of the guava. While actually deciduous, shedding its branchlets as well as its leaves, it is seldom entirely bare and is therefore often cited as an evergreen. The miniature, oblong leaves, only 3 mm wide and 1.25-2 cm long, distichously disposed on very slender branchlets, give a misleading impression of finely pinnate foliage. Small, inconspicuous, greenish-yellow flowers are borne in compact clusters in the axils of the lower leaves. Usually, male flowers occur at the lower end of a growing branchlet, with the female flowers above them, but occasional trees are dioecious. The nearly stemless fruit is round or oblate, indented at the base, and smooth, though 6 to 8 pale lines, sometimes faintly evident as ridges, extending from the base to the apex, giving it the appearance of being divided into segments or lobes. Light green at first, the fruit becomes whitish or a dull, greenish-yellow, or, more rarely, brick red as it matures. It is hard and unyielding to the touch. The skin is thin, translucent and adherent to the very crisp, juicy, concolorous flesh. Tightly embedded in the center of the flesh is a slightly hexagonal stone containing 6 small seeds. Fruits collected in South Florida vary in the range 2.5-3.2 cm in diameter but choice types in India approach 5 cm in width. Ripe fruits are astringent, extremely acid, and some are distinctly bitter….” 18
B) Ayurvedic Description
The Caraka Samhita describes Amalaki as having the same attributes as Haritaki, that is, it contains the same tastes as Haritaki with the exception of potency, Amalaki being cold while Haritaki is hot.19 Amalaki reduces both Pitta and
Vata, however taken in excess, it will increase Kapha. Amalaki increases Ojas and is good for all tissue elements.
According to the Ayurveda Encyclopedia, amalaki works on all tissues, and the “Circulatory, digestive and
excretory” systems; it further lists the actions of amalaki as “Aphrodisiac, astringent, hemostatic, laxative, nutritive tonic, refrigerant, rejuvenative (for Pitta), stomachic”.20
Amalaki is good for all Pitta diseases and diseases where there is inflammation. Amalaki is a blood sugar regulator and a heart tonic. Amalaki rebuilds the blood, increasing red blood cell count. Amalaki is used for blood diseases such as anemia and diabetes. In the digestive system, amalaki cleanses the intestines, and stops inflammation of the colon and stomach. Amalaki is also used for urinary conditions, such as painful urination and conditions which tend to be difficult to alleviate.21
2.Bibhitaki
Bibhitaki is a strong laxative herb known by the botanical name Terminalia bellirica. Bibhitaki’s energetics is astringent, and it is also sweet and heating in nature. It is a tonic to Kapha and is said to improve conditions of impaired voice.22
A)Botanical Description
“A large deciduous tree, up to 50 m tall, with a straight clean bole up to 20 m long, with a diameter at breast height of up to 2(-3) m, buttressed when large; bark blueish or ash grey, with numerous fine longitudinal cracks, yellowish inside; young branches thick, initially densely pubescent. Leaves spirally arranged or crowded at the ends of the branchlets, thin-coriaceous, broadly elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 4-20 cm x 2-11 cm, rounded to cuneate at base, rounded or obtuse, more rarely acuminate at apex, entire; petiole 2-5(-9) cm long. Flowers in axillary 3-15 cm long spikes, 6-7 mm across, yellowish, with a distinct disk and 5 recurved, deltoid calyx-lobes; corolla absent; stamens 10, exserted; ovary inferior, unilocular, 2-ovuled. Fruit a subglobose to broadly ellipsoid drupe, 2-3.5 cm long, 5-angular, minutely stipitate at base, densely and very finely pubescent; exocarp hard, endocarp sclerenchymatous. ”23
B) Ayurvedic Description
Bibhitaki is a rejuvenative herb and beneficial as a tonic to Kapha. It is a strong laxative herb, and being astringent, will cleanse and tonify the bowels. Bibhitaki, although heating in nature will not vitiate Pitta. It is effective against stones and kapha accumulations. When taken in excess, Bibhitaki will aggravate Vata, and caution should be taken with those showing symptoms of high Vata.22
According to the Ayurveda Encyclopedia, Bihitaki is an herb that works on the “Plasma, muscle, bone” tissues and the “Digestive, excretory, nervous, respiratory”systems. Further, the actions of Bibhitaki are “Anthelmintic, antiseptic, astringent, expectorant, laxative, lithotriptic, rejuvenative, tonic”24
Bibhitaki is used for the removal of Kapha accumulations in the urinary tract, such as stones. It is good for conditions of chronic diarrhea and dysentery and increases appetite. It is also effective for colds and cough, and taken with honey is good for sore throats.24
3.)Haritaki
Haritaki is known by the botanical name Terminalia chebula. Although Haritaki has an astringent, unpleasant taste, it is considered on of the most important Ayurvedic herbs. 25
A)Botanical Description
“A medium-sized, up to 25 m tall, deciduous tree of variable appearance, with a usually short cylindric bole of 5-10 m length, 60-80 cm in diameter at breast height; crown rounded, with spreading branches; bark dark brown, usually longitudinally cracked with woody scales; branchlets rusty-villous or glabrescent. Leaves alternate or opposite, thin-coriaceous, ovate or elliptic-obovate, 7-12 cm x 4-6.5 cm, rounded at base, obtuse to subacute at apex, entire, pubescent beneath; petiole up to 2 cm long, provided with 2 glands at the base of the leaf blade. Flowers in axillary 5-7 cm long spikes, simple or sometime branched, about 4 mm across, yellowish-white and unpleasantly scented; calyx 5-lobed, corolla absent; stamens 10, exserted; ovary inferior, 1-celled. Fruit an obovoid or oblong-ellipsoid drupe, 2.5-5 cm long, faintly 5-angular, yellow to orange-brown when ripe, glabrous.” 26
B)Ayurvedic Description
The Caraka-Samhita describes Haritaki as having all the tastes except saline. It further states that haritaki will “eliminate the doshas”, stimulating digestion and promoting longevity.27 Haritaki’s actions are “rejuvenative, tonic, astringent, laxative, nervine, expectorant, anthelmintic” Care should be taken when using Haritaki with pregnant women and those exhibiting high Pitta. Haritaki is also good for all tissue elements.25
Haritaki is a good digestive herb, regulating the function of the colon. Haritaki improves absorption, and has a dual property, based on dosage, of correcting diarrhea and constipation. 25
III Triphala: General uses and other benefits
The herbs of Triphala make it a powerful formula. It is the combination of these herbs that make it works so well and can present a solution to current health concerns and more. Lets look at some of these effects of Triphala and how Triphala has potential against other illnesses as well.
1) Digestion
Maintaining a healthy digestive system is key to overall health. As previously mentioned, the three herbs that make up Triphala have laxative actions. Triphala is not habit forming and is not known to have any side effects from long term use. People suffering from constipation will benefit from regular use of Triphala.28 Triphala is used to treat constipation
in any of the three doshas.29 Triphala works by stimulating the mucosa of the gastric-intestinal tract, improving and balancing digestion. Triphala further aids in digestion by eliminating toxins from the intestinal tract. 28
Triphala is a metabolic regulator. For those suffering from underweight conditions, Triphala will build up the nervous system, muscles and blood. For those who suffer from obesity, Triphala will reduce fat,29making it a good part of a weight reduction program.
Colon health is important. Triphala works well as a colon cleanser, and is a rasayana for the colon. Triphala regulates the functions of the colon. Proper regulation of the colon is a key to good health and longevity. The colon serves
two functions. First it functions as an organ of elimination. It also is the organ responsible for taking in prana from what we eat. Proper regulation of the colon ensures the proper absorption of prana from food. 30
A study titled “Evaluation of anti-diarrhoeal property and acute toxicity of Triphala Mashi, an Ayurvedic formulation”, evaluated alcoholic and water extracts of Triphala and Triphala Mashi against castor-oil induced diarrhea.31 “Triphala Mashi is prepared by using muffle furnace and silica crucible”32 The results of the study showed a significant increase in time for defecation, the weight of all the fecal material and the time for transit through the intestine.31
2.) Gouty Arthritis
Of all types of Arthritis, ‘Gouty Arthritis’ comprises about five percent of cases. It is a painful condition which is characterized by deposits of uric acid on the joints.33A study titled “An in vivo and in vitro potential of Indian ayurvedic herbal formulation Triphala on experimental gouty arthritis in mice” evaluated the efficacy of Triphala on inflammation caused by urate crystals in a study conducted on mice. The study compared Triphala to Indomethacin, an anti-inflammatory . The effect was determined by measuring changers in anti-oxidant status, and factors like lysomal enzme activities and lipid peroxidation. Compared with the control group, the study came to a conclusion that a clear anti-inflammatory effect was exhibited by the mice orally administered Triphala against Gouty Arthritis. 34
According to Ayurvedic theory, the state of the colon is important when determining the state of the bones. The absorption of Vata by the colon goes to the bones and cause Arthritis. Triphala, being good for the colon, would be appropriate in the treatment of Arthritis.35
3) Healing compound for wounds
The Chikitsita Sthanam of the Susruta Samhita recommends Triphala among medicines that are good for purifying a wound.36 There is modern research which supports this. A study titled “Triphala promotes healing of infected full-thickness dermal wound”, undertook an evaluation of Triphala’s effect on infected wounds. The study looked at two different effects of Triphala. First, a alcoholic extract of Triphala was shown to be effective against wound pathogens like
Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Second, an ointment made from Triphala was shown to be effective in
wound closure. The results of the study showed the effect an ointment made from Triphala has on infected wounds. The study concluded that “Active principles of the Triphala may be further evaluated and used as an excellent therapeutic formulation for infected wounds.”37
Another study evaluated the effect of Triphala in a collagen sponge. Titled, “Triphala Incorporated Collagen Sponge-A Smart Biomaterial for Infected Dermal Wound Healing”, the study evaluated a collagen sponge which was incorporated with a methanol extract of Triphala. The dressing was then placed on an infected dermal wound in albino rats. The results were promising, showing quick wound closure and tissue regeneration. The conclusions demonstrated the efficiency of Triphala incorporated into a collagen sponge and the rationale of using such a dressing in the healing of infected dermal wounds.38
4) Anti-oxidant and free radical scavenger
A study titled, “In vitro antioxidant studies and free radical reactions of triphala, an ayurvedic formulation and its constituents.” evaluated water extracts each individual component of Triphala, and the formula itself.39
The study, undertaken on rats, found that all three compounds were effective in the inhibition of Gamma radiation induced breakage in plasmid DNA. The study further discovered that lipid peroxidation, induced by radiation, was inhibited by the extracts of each component herb and the formula itself.39
The study further discovered that the triphala and component extracts were effective in scavenging free radicals. This was attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds in the extracts. The study found that each component of Triphala
is active, and under different conditions will exhibit different activities. For example, Amalaki was shown to be more efficient in the plasmid DNA assay, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and that Haritaki was more active in scavenging free radicals. The study concluded that Triphala as a whole is to be expected to be more effective due to the combined activity of the individual components.39
5) Anti-Cancer compound
A study, “Potential of traditional ayurvedic formulation, Triphala, as a novel anticancer drug.” made some very important observations in the effectiveness of Triphala against cancer. The study evaluated the cytotoxic effects of Triphala on a cell line of human breast cancer cells and a thymic lyphoma transplanted from a mouse. The study found that the viability of the cell lines decreased when the concentrations of Triphala was increased. Further, it was discovered that normal breast cells, along with other normal cells weren’t significantly affected. This important action points to the potential of clinical treatments of cancer with Triphala. 40
6)Protection against Gamma Radiation
Exposure to Gamma Radiation is a very real danger. Cross contamination events have occurred which have place the general population at risk, along with fires, leaks and carelessness at facilities.41 There is research that suggests Triphala is a good protective agent against radiation and oxidative damage of internal cells and organs.42,43
IV. Conclusion
The modern western lifestyle can take it’s toll on the body and throw the doshas out of balance, and bring about poor health. Unhealthy digestion, or digestion of poor quality foods can increase Ama and lead to poor health. Recently, I found myself with high a high Ama, and this was due to the poor quality of food I would eat. This lead to digestive problems and eventually the feeling of lethargy and imbalance. I began to take Triphala, 1 tsp steeped in hot water nightly before sleep. Shortly after, about a week or so, I felt an increase in energy and better digestion. Improvement came by following a healthy dohsic based diet afterwards.
Currently, the Economic situation in the World illustrates the need to evaluate costs of various aspects of Society.
Heath-care costs can be mediated through healthy living. Triphala offers an inexpensive solution to more expensive modes of treatment for everyday issues like digestive complaints, further, it shows promise for more difficult conditions, like cancer. It is a natural, earth-friendly agricultural product which can be taken everyday to improve health. Triphala is yet another gift from the ancient Ayurvedic tradition.
In a world in which the general population reaches for digestive aids of all sorts, Triphala offers a simple solution and should be part of any diet one chooses, of course, a healthy doshic specific diet would be optimal, Triphala will still offer it’s benefits to those with less than healthy diets and lifestyles.
End Notes
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1. Frawley, D. Dr. (2003). Ayurvedic Healing, A Comprehensive Guide. 2nd ed.
Delhi: Montilal Banarsidass. P 124. |
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2. “Triphala.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 25 Nov 2008, 01:31 UTC. 25 Dec 2008
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Triphala&oldid=253913266 . (accessed Dec 28, 2008) |
| 3. Tierra, M (1992). Planetary Herbology. Twin Lakes, WI: Lotus Press. P 166 |
| 4. Tierra, M (1992). Planetary Herbology p 132 |
| 5. Frawley, D. Dr. (2003). Ayurvedic Healing p 131 |
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6. “Triphala Health Article” Healthline, Connect to Better Health
http://www.healthline.com/galecontent/triphala (accessed 24 Feb 2009) |
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7. M.S. Premila, PhD (2006). Ayurvedic Herbs: A Clinical Guide to the Healing Plants of Traditional
Indian Medicine. Binghamton, New York: The Hawthorne Press. P 10. |
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8. Kumar MS, Kirubanandan S, Sripriya R, Sehgal PK. “Triphala promotes healing of infected full-thickness dermal
wound,” BioProducts Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India.
J Surg Res. 2008 Jan;144(1):94-101. Epub 2007 Jul 27. PMID: 17662304 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17662304 (accessed 14 Feb 2009), |
|
9. Sandhya T, Lathika KM, Pandey BN, Mishra KP “Potential of traditional ayurvedic formulation, Triphala, as a
novel anticancer drug.” Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai
400 085, India. Cancer Lett. 2006 Jan 18;231(2):206-14.PMID:15899544 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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10. “Triphala Dietary Supplements” AyurvedicCure.com
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11. Frawley, D. Dr, and Dr. Vasant Lad (2001). The Yoga of Herbs. 2nd ed. Twin Lakes, WI: Lotus Press.
P 158. |
| 12. Tierra, M (1992). Planetary Herbology p 165 |
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13. “Indian gooseberry.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 5 Feb 2009, 20:58 UTC.
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| 14. Frawley, D. Dr, and Dr. Vasant Lad (2001) The Yoga of Herbs. P 157 |
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15. Premila, M.S. PhD (2006). Ayurvedic Herbs: A Clinical Guide to the Healing Plants of Traditional \
Indian Medicine. P 24-25 |
| 16. Frawley, D. Dr, and Dr. Vasant Lad (2001) The Yoga of Herbs. P 158 |
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17. M.S. Premila, PhD (2006) Ayurvedic Herbs: A Clinical Guide to the Healing Plants of Traditional I
Indian Medicine p 306-307. |
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19. Dash Vaidya B, Sharma K (2000) Chikitsa-Sathanam of the Caraka Samhita. Varanasi, India: Chowkhamba
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20. Shiva Tirtha, Sada. The Ayurveda Encyclopedia : Natural Secrets to Healing, Prevention and Longevity. Ed.
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p 72-73 |
| 22. Frawley, D. Dr, and Dr. Vasant Lad (2001) The Yoga of Herbs. P 164 |
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24. Shiva Tirtha, Sada. (2004) The Ayurveda Encyclopedia : Natural Secrets to Healing, Prevention and Longevity.
P78 |
| 25. Frawley, D. Dr, and Dr. Vasant Lad (2001) The Yoga of Herbs. p174 |
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against radiation oxidative damage in mice by Triphala.”Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha
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